Experiencing gum growth over your tooth, also known as gingival overgrowth, can be alarming. It's a condition where your gums excessively cover your teeth, often affecting both aesthetics and oral health. This isn't simply a matter of overgrown gums; it's a sign that something might be amiss. Let's delve into the potential causes and what you can do about it.
What Causes Gum Overgrowth?
Several factors can contribute to gingival overgrowth. Identifying the root cause is crucial for effective treatment.
1. Poor Oral Hygiene:
Insufficient brushing and flossing allow plaque and tartar buildup. This inflammation irritates the gums, leading to swelling and, over time, potential overgrowth. Regular, thorough brushing and flossing are your first lines of defense against gum disease and gingival overgrowth.
2. Medications:
Certain medications, including anticonvulsants (like phenytoin), immunosuppressants (like cyclosporine), and calcium channel blockers, are known to cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect. If you're taking any of these, consult your doctor and dentist to discuss alternative options or management strategies.
3. Genetics:
Family history plays a significant role. Some individuals are genetically predisposed to gum overgrowth, regardless of their oral hygiene practices or medication usage.
4. Systemic Diseases:
Underlying health conditions like leukemia, diabetes, and certain hormonal imbalances can increase your risk of gingival overgrowth. Addressing the underlying health condition is often vital in managing the gum overgrowth.
5. Pregnancy:
Hormonal changes during pregnancy can also cause gum swelling and overgrowth. This usually resolves after childbirth.
How Do I Know If It's Gingival Overgrowth?
Gingival overgrowth presents several noticeable symptoms:
- Increased gum tissue: Your gums appear to be covering more of your teeth than usual.
- Red, swollen gums: Inflammation is a common indicator.
- Bleeding gums: Easy bleeding during brushing or flossing.
- Difficulty flossing: The overgrown gums make it challenging to clean between your teeth properly.
What Should I Do If My Gums Are Growing Over My Teeth?
Schedule an appointment with your dentist immediately. They can accurately diagnose the cause of the overgrowth and recommend the appropriate treatment. This may involve:
- Improved oral hygiene instruction: Your dentist will teach you proper brushing and flossing techniques.
- Scaling and root planing: A deep cleaning procedure to remove plaque and tartar.
- Medication adjustments: If medication is the culprit, your doctor might explore alternative options.
- Surgical removal of excess gum tissue: In some cases, surgery might be necessary to reshape the gums.
Can Gingival Overgrowth Be Prevented?
While genetic predisposition can't be controlled, you can significantly reduce your risk through proactive measures:
- Maintain excellent oral hygiene: Brush twice daily, floss daily, and use an antimicrobial mouthwash as directed.
- Regular dental checkups: See your dentist at least twice a year for professional cleanings and examinations.
- Inform your dentist and doctor about all medications: Ensure they are aware of any medications you are taking.
What are the long-term effects of untreated gingival overgrowth?
Untreated gingival overgrowth can lead to a range of problems, including:
- Increased risk of gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis): The excess gum tissue makes it more difficult to clean teeth effectively, leading to bacterial buildup.
- Tooth decay: Hidden areas can become susceptible to cavities.
- Tooth loss: In severe cases, periodontitis can destroy the supporting structures of teeth, resulting in tooth loss.
- Difficulty chewing: The overgrown gums can make it difficult to bite and chew properly.
- Aesthetic concerns: Overgrown gums can affect the appearance of your smile.
Addressing gingival overgrowth promptly is vital for maintaining good oral health and preventing complications. Remember, early intervention is key. Don't hesitate to consult your dentist if you notice any signs of gum overgrowth.
